PERFORMANCE STANDARD FOR GOVERNORS ON ENGINE GENERATOR SETS 1. SCOPE   This standard covers mechanical, hydraulic and electric governors used for controlling speed and/or loading of engine-driven generator systems. The system may involve a single unit or multiple units operating in parallel. It may serve as a prime or emergency standby power source. Operation may or may not be in conjunction with an external power bus.   2. REFERENCE STANDARDS.0 REFERENCE STANDARDS MIL.-STD.-705 B Frequency and voltage regulation, stability and transient response tests. IEEE 100—1988 Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronic terms. EGSA-101E—1984 Glossary of Standard Industry Terminology and Definitions, Electrical. EGSA-101M—1984 Glossary of Standard Industry Terminology and Definitions, Mechanical. EGSA-100M—1992 Performance Standard for Multiple Engine Generator Set Control Systems.   3. DEFINITIONS.0 DEFINITIONS   3.1 Speed Governing System.   A speed governing system consists of a speed governor and fuel metering device which controls the fuel supply to the engine. The speed governing system senses speed and perhaps load, and meters the engine fuel supply such that speed tends to remain constant or to vary with load in a predetermined manner.   3.1.1 Speed Governor. The speed governor includes those elements which are directly responsive to speed and/or load and which position or influence the action of a fuel metering device to maintain the operating speed. When operating in parallel with an independent power source such as the utility company, the governor will act to regulate load. 3.1.2 Fuel Metering Device. A fuel metering device is an element directly or indirectly positioned by the speed governor; e.g., variable displacement pumps, fuel metering pumps, carburetors and other devices that meter fuel into the combustion system. 3.1.2 Fuel Metering Device. A fuel metering device is an element directly or indirectly positioned by the speed governor; e.g., variable displacement pumps, fuel metering pumps, carburetors and other devices that meter fuel into the combustion system.  

There are many classification methods for generator sets, which can be classified into high, medium, and low-speed units based on the rated speed of the engine; According to the rated power output of the unit, it can be divided into large, medium, and small units; According to the output voltage frequency of the generator set, it can be divided into AC generator set (intermediate frequency 400Hz, power frequency 50Hz) and DC generator set. When the voltage frequency is 50Hz, the calibration voltage of small and medium-sized generators is generally 400V (three-phase) or 230V (single-phase), and the calibration voltage of large generators is generally 6.3-10.5k/V. However, the more commonly used classification method is based on the type of fuel used in the internal combustion generator set, control mode, purpose, and appearance structure. (1) Classified by fuel type ① The rated output power of gasoline generator sets is generally relatively small, usually between 0.5 and 12kw; Most of its engines use single cylinder, air-cooled gasoline engines; The output voltage is mostly single-phase 220V, with a frequency of 50Hz; In a few special places, multi cylinder, water-cooled engines with intermediate frequency (400Hz) and two-phase (380V) outputs are also used; Gasoline generator sets have a series of advantages such as small size, light weight, relatively low noise, low price, and easy mobility. They are mainly used in general situations where the load power is small and temporary emergency power supply is required (such as independent storefronts facing the street, emergency lighting for temporary power outages on small construction sites, and night lighting for lack of electricity users). When the user's load power is greater than 6kw, it is recommended to prioritize the selection of corresponding models of diesel generator sets to increase the reliability of the power supply system. ② The production cost of diesel generator sets is higher than that of gasoline generator sets of the same power level, but their working stability is better than that of gasoline generator sets, so the application field of diesel generator sets is much wider than that of gasoline generator sets. The output power of diesel generator sets varies from 1kw to thousands of kilowatts, and the output voltage is mostly single-phase 220V/50Hz or three-phase 380v/50Hz. There are also a few high-power, high-voltage, grid connected diesel generator sets. Diesel generator sets are widely used in various fields such as industry, agriculture, and national defense, and have been widely recognized by users. (2) Classified by control method ① Manual units are the most common type of units, which have automatic voltage and speed adjustment functions. Operators can start, close, open, and stop the units on site in the machine room. This type of unit is usually used as a main or backup power source. ② The self starting unit is an automatic control system added to the manual unit. When the ...

WINDING PROTECTION IS A KEY ISSUE WHEN USING GENERATOR SETS Generator system： •Anti-condensation space heaters • Coastal Insulation protection Alternators are of course affected by this issue, essentially due to their electromechanical nature, since they contain numerous components that can fail prematurely. In addition to the mechanical risk there is the risk of electrical malfunction. The primary purpose ofgenerator setsis to provide electric current quickly and autonomously, in situations and places where the main supply has failed. As a result, they are often faced with conditions of use that do not provide an optimum environment. Extreme temperatures, humidity, dust, etc. All these aggressors are likely to speed up ageing of the genset and its different components. Resistance to the weather and demanding conditions of use is therefore essential to ensure the longevity of a generator set. In practice, we can see that for low-voltage machines excluding AVRs, the main sources of breakdown are divided evenly between the different alternator components.  DEMANDING ENVIRONMENTS Environmental stress is usually classified according to four criteria: •Humidity is a problem because it is an electrical conductor. It is therefore likely to encourage the development of potential short-circuits. Moreover, moisture tends to accumulate in the bottom of the machine, where it mixes with dust and does even more damage to the windings   Dust and other particlesconstitute another hazard, as they cause mechanical abrasion of the varnish, which will gradually lead to a deterioration in its performance. Since air circulation is used for cooling inside the alternator, the presence of particles in the environment is particularly harmful   Corrosion, especially rust due to a saline environment, is usually a factor in the premature ageing of mechanical parts and windings. Alternators used in coastal areas or in an unprotected marine environment are particularly exposed to this risk. Corrosion can also cause the build-up of deposits that may interfere with machine operation.   •In certain cases or for certain applications, generator sets can be used in environments saturated inchemicals which pose a particularly high level of attack (acids, bases, alkali). Although this rarely happens, these situations must also be taken into account   APPLICATIONS CONCERNED Although it’s difficult to generalise, we can nonetheless draw up guidelines relating to the correlation between the application for which an alternator is used, its environment and hence the required protection level. The table below summarises these considerations.   (*) Possible derating according to voltage and alternator models for TAL range (refer to catalogue). (**) Depending on the production site, the fibreglass enamelled wire solution may be replaced by another process, for example, double application of ins...

Under non-rated on-site conditions and special loads, the rated power of Cummins generator sets needs to be corrected. Dongfeng Cummins generator set price,  Xiamen ZTA Power tells what the correction methods are:   1 Power correction of ambient temperature   When the ambient temperature is too high, the air density decreases, the amount of oxygen during diesel engine combustion decreases, and the combustion efficiency decreases, thereby reducing the mechanical output power of the diesel engine; at the same time, the generator needs cold air to cool the winding when it is working. When the ambient temperature is too high, the cooling effect is reduced, and the internal temperature of the generator winding increases. In order to ensure that the winding temperature of the generator is within the allowable range, the output power of the generator must also be reduced.   The output power of diesel engines and generators of various brands is affected by the ambient temperature. Due to different designs, the correction parameters are also inconsistent; the same brand, different models, and different speed control systems have different correction parameters. Generally, the correction parameters of the original diesel engine manufacturer should be used as the standard. Usually, the power loss can be calculated according to the output power decrease of 3%~4% for every 5℃ increase in ambient temperature above 40℃. However, it should be noted that the nominal power of some manufacturers' units is based on the output power at an ambient temperature of 25℃.   2 Power correction at altitude   When the altitude increases, the air density will also decrease, which also affects the output power of the diesel engine and generator. Different brands of diesel generator sets should refer to the manufacturer's power correction curve to calculate the actual power after capacity reduction. Usually, the power loss of generator set  can be calculated according to the output power decrease of 4%~5% for every 500m increase in altitude when the altitude exceeds 1000m. However, it should be noted that the nominal power of some manufacturers' units is based on the output power at an altitude of 300m. Electronic injection diesel engines use electronic injection control technology, which controls the injection timing and injection amount of each injector through various data of the diesel engine detected by a series of sensors installed on the diesel engine. Since the electronic control unit precisely measures the intake pressure and fuel temperature of the intake manifold and controls the injection timing and injection amount, the electronic injection diesel engine has a lower power drop in high altitude and high temperature environments. Therefore, the use of electronic injection generator set in high altitude and high temperature environments can obtain greater output power and economy. 3 Power correction of nonlinear loads   Nonlinear...

1、 What is the rated power factor of a generator set ? The rated power factor of a generator refers to its ability to output effective power at its rated capacity. In practical use, the power factor of a dg generator is generally 0.8 or 1.0. Among them, a power factor of 0.8 refers to the ratio of the product of the active power output at the rated capacity of the genset to the rated capacity; A power factor of 1.0 refers to the active power output by the diesel generator at rated capacity being equal to the rated capacity. 2、 What is the impact of power factor on generators? Power factor is one of the important factors that determine the efficiency and power quality of a generator. If the power factor of the generator is low, the required reactive power will increase correspondingly when outputting the same active power, which will lead to a decrease in the power quality of the generator and may even affect the normal operation of the power system. Therefore, choosing the appropriate power factor is very important. 3、 How to improve the power factor of the generator? There are two methods to improve the power factor of a generator: one is to increase the active power of the generator, and the other is to reduce the reactive power of the generator. To increase active power, methods such as increasing generator capacity and increasing the cross-sectional area of rotor wires can be used. Reducing reactive power can be achieved through methods such as capacitor bank parallel compensation and adjusting excitation current. The specific method can be selected according to the actual situation. Conclusion The rated power factor of a generator is an important factor in ensuring its efficiency and power quality. A lower power factor may affect the power quality of the generator and the normal operation of the power system. Therefore, selecting a suitable power factor is very important. In order to improve power factor, measures such as increasing active power and reducing reactive power can be taken.

Selection of enterprise-owned diesel generator capacity There is currently no unified calculation formula in the country for selecting the capacity of self-provided diesel generator sets, so the methods used by designers in actual work are also different: some simply determine it based on 10%-20% of the power transformer capacity; Some are added according to the capacity of fire-fighting equipment; some are selected according to the wishes of investors, which results in inaccuracy in selecting the capacity of self-provided generating units. If the capacity is selected too large, it will cause a waste of investment; if the capacity is selected too small, it will cause a waste of investment in the event of an accident. Cannot meet usage requirements. So, how to choose the capacity of self-provided generating units? After reviewing the information and referring to various experiences and practices of peers, the author summarized the following points: (1) Plan or preliminary design stage The capacity of the self-provided generator is calculated as 10%-20% of the total capacity of the power supply transformer. (2) Construction drawing stage (1) Select generator capacity according to calculated load We know that the electrical load of a building can be divided into three categories: The first category is security load, which is a load that ensures the safety and reliable operation of people and equipment in the building, such as fire pumps, fire elevators, smoke prevention and exhaust equipment, emergency Lighting, communication equipment, important computers and related equipment, etc.; the second category is support load, that is, the basic equipment load to ensure the operation of the building, mainly work area lighting, some elevators, passage lighting; the third category is general load, that is Loads other than the above loads, such as air conditioners, water pumps and other general lighting and power equipment. When calculating the capacity of self-provided generating units, the first type of load must be taken into account, and the second type of load is determined according to the building function and power grid conditions. If the building function requirements are higher or the city power grid power supply is unstable, the second type of load should be considered. Class loads are taken into account, but if the first and second class loads are simply added to select the generator capacity, the selected capacity will be too large, because in the fire-fighting state, only the operation of the fire-fighting equipment needs to be ensured, and the second class load The load is not used; and when the power grid is outage in non-fire-fighting conditions, the fire-fighting equipment is not used. Therefore, the author believes that the larger of the two can be selected as the capacity of the generator set. After the equipment capacity is calculated, the required coefficient Kx is selected according to the actual situation (generally 0.85-0.95), and th...